The Rise and Fall of Public Debt in Italian City-States
Explore how Italian city-states developed complex systems of public debt to finance wars, economic growth, and state activities in the late medieval period.
Medieval Italy
The Rise of Condottieri: The Mercenary System in 14th-Century Italy
Explore the rise of condottieri, military contractors who fought on behalf of Italian city-states, and their impact on 14th-century Italy's complex politics and society.