Medieval History

The development of bond markets in Northern Europe during the medieval period, focusing on the census contract and its role in raising revenue for towns.

Florence faced a severe economic crisis in the 15th century due to its enormous debt burden from incessant war and military expenditures.

The Medici family rises to power in 15th century Florence through banking, finance, and patronage, influencing art, science, and literature.

The Medici banking empire rose to power in 15th-century Italy through innovative use of bills of exchange, a system that allowed merchants to transfer value without physical currency.

Exploring the evolution of coins from ancient civilizations to modern times, highlighting key milestones, mechanisms, and processes that shaped their use.