The Rise and Fall of Public Debt in Italian City-States
Explore how Italian city-states developed complex systems of public debt to finance wars, economic growth, and state activities in the late medieval period.
Italian City-States
The Communal Debt Crisis in Florence
Florence faced a severe economic crisis in the 15th century due to its enormous debt burden from incessant war and military expenditures.
The Rise of the Medici: Banking, Politics, and Art
Discover how the Medici family's banking and commercial activities led to their rise as patrons of the arts and architects of Florence during the Renaissance.