Explore the evolution of monetary theory from traditional gold standards to modern fiat currency regimes and understand how innovations like fractional reserve banking and central bank control have shaped the global economy.
The Bank of England's establishment in 1694 revolutionized modern finance by converting government debt into shares and establishing a joint-stock basis.
The Swedish Riksbank pioneered fractional reserve banking in 1656, combining commercial payment services with lending to drive economic growth.
Learn about the emergence of central banks in Northern Europe, their impact on trade and commerce, and how they influenced monetary policy.
Learn about the Medici revival in Florence during the 16th century, where the family's power was revived after considering alternatives like Savonarola.
The Medici bank's dominance over Florence was marked by controversy and eventual downfall due to financial acumen, strategic alliances, internal conflicts, and external challenges.
The rise of the Medici family from 15th-century Florence's outcast banking dynasty to revered patrons of art and finance.
The Medici family rises to power in 15th century Florence through banking, finance, and patronage, influencing art, science, and literature.
Explore the history of the Medici family's rise to power through their innovative approach to banking, combining meticulous bookkeeping with diversification and decentralization.
The Medici banking empire rose to power in 15th-century Italy through innovative use of bills of exchange, a system that allowed merchants to transfer value without physical currency.
Discover how Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici built a banking empire that dominated European finance from the 15th century onwards.
Discover how the Medici family's banking and commercial activities led to their rise as patrons of the arts and architects of Florence during the Renaissance.
The 14th century saw the rise and fall of medieval finance, with moneylenders like Bardi and Peruzzi dominating Italian commerce before facing defaults and collapse.
Explore the history of loan sharking, its causes, and consequences in various economic contexts, highlighting the role of financial exclusion, usury, and intimidation.
Explore the history of high-interest lending in Britain from ancient times to modern-day issues.
Explore the history of loan sharking in Glasgow's Hillington district through the life of Gerard Law, a notorious loan shark who preyed on vulnerable individuals with high-interest loans.
Explore the history of loan sharks, how they emerged as a response to poverty and unemployment, and the consequences of relying on them.
Explore the world of 16th century Venetian lending practices, where complex relationships between lenders, debtors, and law courts shaped credit markets and influenced social dynamics.
Explore the history of the Venetian Jewish community's precarious existence and negotiations with the Venetian government during the 16th century.
Explore the history of the Jewish presence in Renaissance Venice, from expulsion to segregation and economic significance.