The Development of Life Insurance in Scotland
Discover how Scottish clergymen Alexander Webster and Robert Wallace pioneered life insurance in Scotland, influenced by Enlightenment and Calvinist Reformation.
History of Science
The Founding of Modern Insurance in 18th-Century Scotland
Scotland's 18th-century mathematicians and theologians pioneered modern insurance with sound actuarial and financial principles.
Bayesian Probability: A Foundational Concept
Learn about Bayesian probability and its applications in statistics, economics, and decision-making under uncertainty.
The Emergence of Probability Theory: Abraham de Moivre's Breakthrough
Abraham de Moivre's breakthrough in probability theory introduced the normal distribution, revolutionizing data analysis with a mathematical framework.
Life Expectancy in the 17th Century: A Breakthrough
Discover how 17th-century scholars like John Graunt and Edmund Halley contributed to understanding human mortality and life expectancy through innovative statistical methods and data analysis.