European History

Explore the 18th-century British nobility, examining the complexities of debt, noble status, and social reputation through a case study on the fall of a Scottish duke.

An in-depth analysis of the decline of the aristocracy as a political force in 19th-century Britain, exploring financial dynamics, industrialization, and its impact on the country's economy and society.

Explore the origins and evolution of the welfare state, from Bismarck's social insurance legislation in Germany to Lloyd George's reforms in Britain, shaping the course of European history.

Learn about John Law's financial system that dominated France in the early 18th century but ultimately collapsed due to inflation, speculation, and government intervention.

Explore the rise and fall of John Law's financial reforms in 18th-century France and its impact on the development of capitalism.

The rise and fall of the Mississippi Bubble, a pivotal moment in European history marked by John Law's innovative yet flawed economic strategies.

Learn about the rise and fall of John Law's financial empire in France during the early 18th century, shaped by government support, debasement, and paper credit systems.

Discover the history behind the French Company of the West, a joint-stock company that transformed France's overseas empire and marked the beginning of financial capitalism.

In 1716, France established a public bank to revive economic confidence by issuing paper money and consolidating debt.

Explore the radical financial solutions proposed by John Law to address France's severe financial crisis in the 18th century, including a national bank and paper money.

The Dutch East India Company's (VOC) rise to power in the 17th century marked a significant turning point in global history as European powers asserted their influence across the world.

Discover how the rise of the United East India Company shaped global commerce, European expansion, and colonialism in the 17th century through strategic calculations, technological advancements, and economic interests.

Explore the rise and fall of William Law, a Scottish aristocrat who fell due to his own actions in the 17th-century.

Learn about the 1923 German hyperinflation caused by domestic and international factors, including weak tax systems, public spending, reparations, and occupation.

Explore Germany's devastating economic crisis after WWI, caused by hyperinflation, state bankruptcy, and harsh reparations.

Explore the historical phenomenon of rentiers in 19th-century Europe who accumulated wealth through government bonds.

Learn about the Rothschild family's rise to power in 19th-century Europe, their impact on high finance, and their influence on European politics.

Learn about the rise of the Rothschild banking dynasty from its humble beginnings to becoming one of Europe's most influential financial powers.

The Rothschild family's rise to dominance in the London bond market and their impact on European history.

Explore how Nathan Rothschild's bet on the bond market reflects the shift in European finance during the early 19th century.