Economic History

Learn about the rise of capital markets and corporate governance in 18th century Europe and North America, a significant shift in global economy.

Explore the Italian bond market's evolution from its inception in 1861, through state-led capitalism and fiscal policy-driven management, to its current role in financing public sector spending and private sector investments.

Explore how changes in technology, globalization, and monetary policy have contributed to a decline in inflation rates over the past few decades.

Explore Argentina's history with sovereign debt and default through its struggles with bond market dynamics from the late 19th century to the early 21st century.

Argentina's economy has been plagued by hyperinflation, debt crises, and currency devaluations since the early 20th century, with key events including the introduction of the convertible peso in 1991 and a major debt default in 2001.

Explore Argentina's 1989 economic crisis, a complex event caused by inadequate economic policies, large public sector deficit, and electricity crisis.

Explore Argentina's complex economic history marked by recurring episodes of inflation, currency devaluation, and stagnation from 1950s-1990s through the lens of key policies, leaders, and global pressures.

Argentina's economic crisis in the mid-20th century led to the rise of Perón, who promised better wages and conditions for workers and protective tariffs for industrialists.

Explore Argentina's 20th-century economic struggles, driven by mismanagement, inflation, debt default, and institutional weaknesses, leading to reduced living standards and eroded investor confidence.

Argentina's economy experienced rapid growth from 1870 to 1913, becoming one of the richest countries in the world before facing decline by 1946.

Explore the causes, effects, and lasting impact of Germany's hyperinflation on society during 1923.

Explore the German hyperinflation of 1923, a catastrophic event caused by monetary malfunction, internal gridlock, and external defiance.

Learn about the 1923 German hyperinflation caused by domestic and international factors, including weak tax systems, public spending, reparations, and occupation.

Discover how World War I governments used war bonds and central banks to finance their activities, with a focus on Germany's unique experiences and consequences.

War Finance and Hyperinflation during World War I: Causes, Consequences, and Lessons Learned

The Monetary Roots of Inflation during World War I Era, a study on how governments and central banks contributed to high levels of inflation through short-term borrowing and monetary expansion.

Explore the historical phenomenon of rentiers in 19th-century Europe who accumulated wealth through government bonds.

Exploring the bond market's vulnerability in 19th-century London, where debt financing and wealth concentration led to widespread poverty and inequality.

The Cotton Famine was a critical moment in British history where the Confederate's cotton embargo severely impacted the British textile industry, leading to widespread unemployment and poverty.

The financial struggles of the Confederacy led to its defeat, emphasizing the crucial role of money in the American Civil War.