Economic History

The evolution of Japan's welfare state from a garrison state to a comprehensive social security system driven by internal dynamics and external pressures.

Explore Japan's turbulent 20th century marked by devastating disasters, economic hardship, and war that left a lasting impact on its economy, society, and politics.

The evolution of the welfare state from World War I to modern times, highlighting government intervention, social insurance, and public services.

Explore the origins and evolution of the welfare state, from Bismarck's social insurance legislation in Germany to Lloyd George's reforms in Britain, shaping the course of European history.

Explore the evolution of social welfare from charity to state insurance, understanding key figures, mechanisms, and processes that shaped modern welfare states.

Explore the harsh living conditions and labor practices in 18th-century English workhouses, examining the impact of Poor Laws on the poor population.

Explore how Britain's stable environment led to an obsession with insurance, from maritime trade to actuarial science.

Explore the history of institutional investors from 18th century insurance companies to modern global players dominating financial markets.

Discover how a pioneering scheme for ministerial widows in 18th-century Scotland introduced a novel insurance-based system to provide financial security.

Discover how Scottish clergymen Alexander Webster and Robert Wallace pioneered life insurance in Scotland, influenced by Enlightenment and Calvinist Reformation.

Scotland's 18th-century mathematicians and theologians pioneered modern insurance with sound actuarial and financial principles.

Learn about the emergence of a dedicated insurance market in 17th-century London, shaped by key events and institutions such as the Great Fire of 1666 and Lloyd's coffee house.

Explore the evolution of insurance from 14th-century Italy to its impact on modern commerce, discussing key figures, mechanisms, and processes that shaped this crucial aspect of business.

Understanding the role of government in mitigating the financial burden of natural disasters through private sector involvement limitations.

Explore the development and impact of the joint-stock company on global economies, from its emergence in 17th century Europe to its influence on modern financial markets.

The Enron scandal exposed widespread accounting manipulation and corporate malfeasance in 2001, leading to one of the most significant corporate scandals in history.

The Enron scandal highlights the dangers of unregulated markets and the importance of transparency in corporate finance.

Explore the collapse of Enron Corporation and its impact on corporate governance, executive accountability, and the importance of regulation.

This study compares the Enron scandal to the 18th century Mississippi bubble, highlighting themes of financial manipulation, regulatory failures, and corporate greed.

The collapse of the dot-com bubble in 2001 marked a significant moment in US economic history, fueled by speculation and easy credit. Alan Greenspan's leadership as Chairman of the Federal Reserve played a crucial role in shaping monetary policy during this period.