Colonialism

Understand the First Opium War's impact on Sino-British relations, including the cession of Hong Kong and establishment of treaty ports with extraterritorial privileges.

Explore the early years of international trade and investment, marked by geographical distance, differing legal systems, and uncoordinated accounting practices, leading to a reliance on external intervention.

Discover how Victorian globalization's promise went unfulfilled in most of Asia due to limited access to markets, lack of infrastructure, and resistance from local populations, shaping the legacy of colonial exploitation between Asia and the West.

The rise and fall of the Mississippi Bubble, a pivotal moment in European history marked by John Law's innovative yet flawed economic strategies.

Discover how the rise of the United East India Company shaped global commerce, European expansion, and colonialism in the 17th century through strategic calculations, technological advancements, and economic interests.

Potosí was a major mining center that fueled Spain's wealth but came at a great cost in terms of labor exploitation, demographic decline, and environmental degradation.

Explore the brutal exploitation of indigenous workers at Potosí's silver mines during the 16th-18th centuries, fueled by forced labor and indentured servitude.

Explore the Conquest and Legacy of Pizarro, including the discovery of Cerro Rico mountain and its impact on the global economy.

The Conquest of Peru examines the 16th-century Spanish colonization of the Inca Empire in South America, highlighting key terms, mechanisms, and processes that led to the conquest.